Diabetes occurs in 1 out of every 200 cats and 1 out of every 400-500 dogs. Certain breeds (poodle, dachshund, miniature schnauzer, beagle, keeshond, puli,, cairn terrier and miniature pinscher) are probably at higher risk. It is more common in male cats and female dogs. Although genetic susceptibility plays a part in the development of this disease, obesity is a significant factor as well. Underlying diseases can increase a dog’s chance of diabetes (Cushing’s Disease, repeated bouts of pancreatitis, acromegaly). These diseases are much less common in cats but, if present, also cause diabetes. In both species, steroids can play an important role as well.

Common signs owner will notice include drinking and urinating excessive amounts, and excessive hunger. In later stages, weight loss, house soiling, vomiting, lethargy and inappetence occur.  Diabetes is diagnosed with a combination of blood work and urine testing. After diagnosis, all pets get transitioned over to a diabetic appropriate diet and most are started on insulin injections. In a small subset of cats, diet alone may control the diabetes without the need for insulin. Once diabetes is diagnosed, most pets need to come in once every 7-10 days for blood sugar curves until they are regulated. After the insulin dose is set, most patients just need to come in periodically for rechecks.

Preventative medicine is always best. Although some cases of diabetes are due to underlying disease, maintaining your pet at a healthy, normal weight and providing plenty of exercise could prevent many cases.